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\def\ppa{-- ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) ++(5pt,-10pt)}
\def\ppb{-- ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,-10pt) ++(15pt,0pt)}
\def\ppc{-- ++(10pt,0pt) ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) ++(15pt,-10pt)}
\def\ppd{-- ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) ++(15pt,-10pt)}
\def\ppe{-- ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,-10pt) ++(15pt,0pt)}
\def\ppf{-- ++(10pt,0pt) ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,-10pt) ++(15pt,0pt)}
\def\ppg{ ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) ++(15pt,-10pt)}
\def\pph{ ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,-10pt) ++(15pt,0pt)}
\def\ppi{ ++(10pt,0pt) ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,-10pt) ++(15pt,0pt)}
\def\ppj{-- ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) ++(-5pt,-5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\ppk{-- ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,-10pt) ++(5pt,5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\ppl{-- ++(10pt,0pt) ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) ++(5pt,-5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\ppm{-- ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) ++(5pt,-5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\ppn{-- ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,-10pt) ++(5pt,5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\ppo{-- ++(10pt,0pt) ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,-10pt) ++(5pt,5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\ppp{ ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) ++(5pt,-5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\ppq{ ++(10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,-10pt) ++(5pt,5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\ppr{ ++(10pt,0pt) ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,0pt) -- ++(0pt,-10pt) ++(5pt,5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\pps{ ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(5pt,-10pt) -- ++(5pt,10pt) ++(5pt,-10pt)}
\def\ppt{ ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(10pt,-5pt) -- ++(-10pt,-5pt) ++(15pt,0pt)}
\def\ppu{ ++(10pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,-5pt) -- ++(10pt,-5pt) ++(5pt,0pt)}
\def\ppv{-- ++(5pt,10pt) -- ++(5pt,-10pt) ++(5pt,0pt)}
\def\ppw{ ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(5pt,-10pt) -- ++(5pt,10pt) ++(-5pt,-5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\ppx{ ++(0pt,10pt) -- ++(10pt,-5pt) -- ++(-10pt,-5pt) ++(5pt,5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\ppy{ ++(10pt,10pt) -- ++(-10pt,-5pt) -- ++(10pt,-5pt) ++(-5pt,5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\def\ppz{-- ++(5pt,10pt) -- ++(5pt,-10pt) ++(-5pt,5pt) node {$\cdot$} ++(10pt,-5pt)}
\newcommand \sboxOne{
\mbox{
$
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\amp 00 \amp 01 \amp 10 \amp 11 \\ \hline
00 \amp 01 \amp 11 \amp 10 \amp 11 \\ \hline
01 \amp 11 \amp 10 \amp 01 \amp 00 \\ \hline
10 \amp 00 \amp 10 \amp 01 \amp 11 \\ \hline
11 \amp 11 \amp 01 \amp 11 \amp 10 \\ \hline
\end{array}
$
}
}
\newcommand \sboxTwo{
\mbox{
$
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}\hline
\amp 00 \amp 01 \amp 10 \amp 11 \\ \hline
00 \amp 00 \amp 01 \amp 10 \amp 11 \\ \hline
01 \amp 10 \amp 00 \amp 01 \amp 11 \\ \hline
10 \amp 11 \amp 00 \amp 01 \amp 00 \\ \hline
11 \amp 10 \amp 01 \amp 10 \amp 11 \\ \hline
\end{array}
$
}
}
\newcommand{\lt}{<}
\newcommand{\gt}{>}
\newcommand{\amp}{&}
\)
Preface Introduction
Goals and Aims of the text:
- Present a \textit{brief} overview of the history of cryptology
- Present the cryptology as it was not with significantly newer or older concepts
- Exception to the previous statement will be the use of some modern terminology where appropriate
- Present a variety of mathematical topics: Statistical analysis, Linear Algebra, Number Theory, Group Theory
- Present the material from an inquiry based perspective when possible
- Present the text as a battle back and forth between making and breaking codes
\noindent What should be covered in terms of content can be summarized by the list:
- 500 B.C.E. (and before): Atabash, Scytale, Demaratus, Histiaeus
- 50 B.C.E.: Caesar
- 700-1000: Arab Cryptology*
- 140"0-1850: Foiling Frequencies*: Alberti's, Vigen\'{e}re's , Jefferson's, and Playfair's Ciphers
- 1846: Babbage / Kasiski Test*
- 1914-1918: World War I: Zimmermann's Telegram, ADFGVX Cipher, etc.
- 1919: One Time Pad*
- 1929: Hill's Cipher*
- 1934: Enigma* in the service of the German military
- 1978:" RSA*
- 1991: Zimmermann and PGP
- 2000: Quantum Cryptology